Rock

Rock music is usually loud and often heavily distorted.

A rock song generally has music for at least two guitars (lead and bass) and drums. There may also be other instruments, such as keyboard or cello.

The guitar is usually the most important instrument in a rock song. The guitar riff - a series of notes that are played on the guitar repeatedly, at different points in the song, is a common element of rock music. A classic example of a rock guitar riff can be heard in the opening notes of Smoke on the Water by Deep Purple. A guitar riff in a rock song often acts as a hook.

Rock guitarists often play power chords, which work well when there is a great deal of distortion.

A rock song will usually have a strong, driving drumbeat.

Live performance is emphasized in rock music. Rock musicians are expected to be highly skilled live performers.

Guitarists and drummers may emphasize their talents by playing long, loud solos.

A rock vocalist may sing notes that show off a very wide vocal range.

The lyrics of a rock song may explore controversial topics and adult themes, such as sex and violence. Language may be very graphic.

Since it first became popular in the 1950s, rock music has evolved a great deal. It is now divided into many different subgenres, all of which have different rules when it comes to songwriting.

Following are some rock subgenres. They may be divided even further into sub-subgenres.

Hard Rock

Hard rock is a general term that is used to describe loud, aggressive rock music. It is considered less loud and less intense than heavy metal.

Heavy Metal

Heavy metal is loud. Lyrics are sung loudly and music is played loudly. Music is often very fast. There is a strong focus on loud, heavily distorted, electric guitars. Guitar solos are common.

The lyrics in heavy metal music often emphasize dark subjects, such as death. Frequently, heavy metal music is written in a minor key to emphasize the negative content of the lyrics.

Heavy metal lyrics may also have strong sexual content.

Some heavy metal lyrics are based on mythology or fantasy and may be inspired by literature in these genres.  For example, the song Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Iron Maiden is based on the poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge with the same title.

Classical music often has a strong influence on heavy  metal  music. When writing heavy metal music, it is helpful to have some knowledge of classical music.

Punk Rock

Punk rock is played at a very fast tempo (speed). The chord structure is usually simple, with a punk rock song usually consisting of three chords or less. Although music is sung and played loudly, there is an emphasis on simplicity, so complicated guitar solos and impressive vocal acrobatics aren't necessary.

The lyrics of a punk rock song often discuss social or political issues and tend to be confrontational. The vocalist may shout, rather than sing, the lyrics.

Alternative Rock

Alternative rock is an offshoot of punk rock. There are a number of different styles of alternative rock, such as post-grunge and indie rock.

The lyrics of an alternative rock song, like the lyrics of a punk rock song, often focus on topical issues and are quick to point out negative aspects of society.

Soft Rock

Soft rock is often known as adult contemporary music.

Some people do not consider this type of music to be a form of true rock music.

Soft rock is quieter than other types of rock music. Lyrics are not controversial, and the subject matter in the lyrics is usually positive. Love songs are common.

The keyboard is often an important instrument in a soft rock song. Guitars are played more softly and drums are only used to keep rhythm. There are no loud guitar or drum solos. Lyrics are usually sung softly.